Pu03d2_Viking Invasions/ Migrations

Pu03d_Viking Invasions/ Migrations

Pu03d_Viking Migrations/ Invasions

Latitudinal

4. This ‘northmen’, true to his sailing heritage, sails west and establishes settlements as far as Greenland. His red hair earns him the moniker- “The Red.”
7. This ‘northman’ continued the westward voyages of his father. Eventually, his exploratory voyages reached the North American continent.
8. This was a main target of the ‘northmen’ since they often housed gold and silver objects and were poorly defended.
10. Unlike the Germanic peoples of Western Europe, the ‘northmen’ never had contact with the Romans and thus were still this.
11. This was a Northman sword that was a metallurgical (technological) marvel for that time period. It was a weapon made of high-quality steel, thus it remained sharp longer with reduced chipping/ breakage.

Longitudinal

1. The Northmen were this, culturally, since the sea was vital for survival and quality of life.
2. The ‘northmen’ found themselves converting to this faith as part of negotiated peace treaties (including Investiture Ceremonies) with European kingdoms.
3. This group, from the Nordic countries, begins a series of raids, starting in 793, against Christian Europe, and lasting for ~150 years. This, of course, is NOT what they called themselves.
5. When this changed in the late 8th C., it probably contributed to the ‘northmen’ migration/ invasion waves that was to follow.
6. These were the ‘pride’ of the ‘northmen’ raiders. With these, Europe’s interior became as vulnerable as the coasts.
9. The ‘northmen’ were predominantly occupied with this activity when not involved in raids or exploration.


Pu03d_Early Middle Ages

Pu03d_Early Middle Ages

Latitudinal

1. This modern Western European nation covers a large portion of the former Frankish kingdom during it’s height, but it doesn’t contain the Frankish capital city.
4. This ancient tradition of inheritance was ignored by Louis the Pious’s sons resulting in the fracturing of the Frankish kingdom in the 9th C.
6. This type of script was developed in monasteries during the rule of Charles the Great. It introduced a few innovations in the way script is composed.
7. A period in European history marking the transition from the Classical Age to the Modern Age (Renaissance). 2 words
10. During the ‘Dark’ Ages, populations in these areas shrink drastically.
11. This empire was the surviving (Eastern) portion of the original Roman Empire. It would last until 1454.
12. This modern Western European nation is home to the former capital city of the Frankish kingdom.
14. This civilization acted as a central unifying authority in Western Europe for approximately 500 years prior to the Medieval Period.

Longitudinal

1. This ‘Barbarian’ group contributed to the collapse of the Western portion of the Roman Empire. Their warriors were equipped with a small battle axe.
2. ‘Charles the Great’ of the Carolingian dynasty.
3. The first Frankish king to convert to Catholicism (though he was already a follower of another Christian sect; 6th C.).
5. Capital city of the Frankish kingdom at it’s height.
6. One of two ruling/ dynastic families of the Frankish kingdom. It was the family of the first Frankish kings.
8. Pepin the Short gets crowned by this religious figure. The act, politically and symbolically, bound Christian monarchs in Western Europe to the Church for centuries.
9. This town gave its name to the treaty that settled the inheritance dispute between Charlemagne’s grandsons. Centuries later, this city is the site of a famous WWII siege.
13. A tribal-based ethnic group. Among these Germanic peoples we would include the Franks.

M03d_Fill-In Map-Viking Migration/ Invasions

 

 

M03d_Fill-In Map-Viking Migration/ Invasions

M03d_Maps of Europe: Early Middle Ages

M03de_Europe: Early Middle Ages

 

M03de2_Europe: Early Middle Ages

 

M03de3_Europe: Early Middle Ages

 

TL03de_Timeline of the European Middle Ages

A04_HGS-Connecting Hemispheres 500-1800 CE (Ch.16-Ch.20)

Purpose
Along with class lessons and activities, this assignment will help us address these essential questions…

• What empires and peoples existed in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans?
• What new ideas and values led to the Renaissance and the Reformation?
• What were the causes of the rise and decline of Muslim empires between 1300 and 1700?
• What fueled the age of exploration and why did China and Japan withdraw into isolation?
• What was the impact of European exploration and colonization of the Americas?

Theme

• Religious and Ethical Systems
• Cultural Interaction
• Power and Authority
• Revolution
• Empire Building
• Economics
• Science and Technology

Given

Use the World History: Patterns of Interaction (POI) textbook to complete the assignment below.
Refer to the course calendar to acquire due dates and other instructions.

Task

We will be using a Cornell Notes Template to gather notes from assigned readings. If you would like a quick introduction to the method, please read ‘Student Note-Taking’ under the ‘Admin’ tab in the upper-left menu bar.

The notes you compile (as Cornell Notes) from your reading will augment your class notes and the Auxiliary Notes provided by Mr.V. You are being provided with a list of ‘Key’ vocabulary from each section of the chapter to help you focus and compile notes efficiently. Your notes should focus on the historical significance of the vocabulary term.

These notes are your “Homework” assignments. They must be uploaded as a PDF file to the ‘Assignments’ folder in our shared Dropbox folder. The files are due in Dropbox before the class period on the due date indicated in the course calendar.

The vocabulary listed below are divided into their respective sections. Your notes should be compiled for each section and submitted as separate assignments.

To see an example of how to label and submit the file containing your Cornell Notes, refer to the instructions for A03.

A04a (Ch.16)
People and Empires in the Americas- 500 to 1500 CE

Terms, Names, Phrases

Section01
– Pueblo
– Anasazi
– Mississippian
– Iroquois

Section02
– Tikal
– Glyph
– Codex
– Popol Vuh

Section03
– Obsidian
– Quetzalcoatl
– Triple Alliance
– Montezuma II

Section04
– Mita
– Quipu

A04b (Ch.17)
European Renaissance and the Reformation 1300 to 1600 CE

Terms, Names, Phrases

Section01
– Renaissance
– Humanism
– Secular
– Patron
– Perspective
– Vernacular

Section02
– Utopia
– William Shakespeare
– Johann Gutenberg

Section03
– Indulgence
– Reformation
– Protestant
– Anglican

Section04
– Peace of Augsburg
– Calvinism
– Predestination
– Jesuits
– Theocracy
– Catholic Reformation
– Council of Trent

A04c (Ch.18)
Muslim World Expands 1300 to 1700 CE

Terms, Names, Phrases

Section01
– Ghazi
– Ottoman
– Sultan
– Timur the Lame
– Mehmed II
– Devshirme
– Janissary

Section02
– Suleyman the Lawgiver (Magnificent)
– Safavid
– Shah
– Esfahan

Section03
– Mughal
– Babur
– Akbar
– Sikh
– Taj Mahal

A04d (Ch.19)
Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400 to 1800 CE

Terms, Names, Phrases

Section01
– Bartolomeu Dias
– Prince Henry
– Vasco da Gama
– Treaty of Tordesillas
– Dutch East India Company

Section02
– Hongwu
– Yonglo (Yong-le)
– Qing Dynasty
– Zheng (Cheng) He

Section03
– Daimyo
– Oda Nobunaga
– Toyotomi Hideyoshi
– Tokugawa Shogunate
– Haiku
– Kabuki

A04e (Ch.20)
The Atlantic World 1492 to 1800 CE

Terms, Names, Phrases

Section01
– Christopher Columbus
– Hernando Cortés
– Francisco Pizarro
– Atahualpa
– Mestizo
– Encomienda

Section02
– Jamestown
– Pilgrims
– Puritans
– New Netherland

Section03
– Atlantic Slave Trade
– Triangular Trade
– Middle Passage

Section04
– Columbian Exchange
– Capitalism
– Joint Stock Company
– Mercantilism
– Favorable Balance of Trade

AN03d_European Middle Ages: The Medieval Period- An Overview of The Early Middle Ages

AN03d_European Middle Ages: The Medieval Period- An Overview of The Early Middle Ages (Ch.13)

Timeline: 5th – 8th C

FQ: In what ways was the European Dark Age truly ‘Dark’?

Main Idea

The Early Middle Ages marks a period of time immediately following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West. The absence of a central authority and all the societal structure it provided plunges Europe into a tumultuous period.

I. The Medieval Period
Europe’s medieval period can be divided into three smaller periods. Each period or “phase” had its own distinct characteristics that differentiated it from the others. One common characteristic that linked all the phases were unsettling events causing turmoil and then the subsequent quest for stability.

II. ‘The Dark Ages’ (Early Middle Ages/ Early Medieval Period, ~5th – 9th C.)

The absence of a central authority changes urban lifestyle.

A. City/ Town Infrastructure Collapse

1. Roads & aqueducts in disrepair
2. Sanitation suffers
3. Economic Activity Collapses

a. Lack of Security (ex. law enforcement & fire)
b. Unenforced Standards

B. Population Plummets

1. 2nd Century Rome => ~1,000,000 inhabitants
2. 6th C. Rome => ~30,000 inhabitants.
The countryside becomes the destination of many seeking sustenance and security.

C. Institutions Weakened or Disappear (Judicial, Religious, Education)

1. Local loyalties based on kinship replaces loyalty to a central authority.
2. Laws are not codified, but influenced greatly by custom & tradition.
3. Houses of worship experience shrinking congregations. Negative impact on ability to offer services and maintain the facility.
4. Learning becomes decentralized and provincial (based on local history & customs)

D. Christianity flourishes as it spreads among the Germanic tribes

1. Clovis, the Frank, converts to Christianity.
2. Spread of Monasteries and increase in the popularity of Monastic life. St. Benedict and the Benedictine Rules
3. Increasing secular power of the Church Gregory I and the concept of ‘Christendom’ ()

E. The Rise of the Franks

1. The Franks unite many of the Germanic Tribes. When Clovis converts he also “encourages” the Franks to do so.
2. The Franks and Papacy join in an alliance. Pepin the Short is anointed
King by the Pope. The Franks vow to subdue non-Christian tribes (eg. Lombards).
3. Charlemagne continues unifying leadership of his father (Pepin the Short). Despite his illiteracy, he paves the way for a rebirth in learning.

F. Collapse Of The Frankish Kingdom

1. Rivalry among the sons and grandchildren of Charlemagne fractures the kingdom.
2. Treaty of Verdun ends the warfare; the kingdom is permanently divided.
3. Viking Invasions. “Save us, Oh God, from the fury of the Northmen”
4. Creation of Viking Kingdoms (eg. Normandy).

Resources
– World History: Patterns of Interaction. Ch.13.
– TL03de_Timeline of the European Middle Ages
– Pr03de
– Pu03de
–M03d_Map of Europe: Early Middle Ages

How Vikings Might Have Navigated on Cloudy Days | LiveScience

Mr.V
worldhistoryreview.org

http://www.livescience.com/1320-vikings-navigated-cloudy-days.html

How Vikings Might Have Navigated on Cloudy Days

An artist’s impression of a Viking ship. Credit: Paul Moore, Dreamstime.com

Vikings navigated the oceans with sundials aboard their Norse ships. But on an overcast day, sundials would have been useless. Many researchers have suggested that the on foggy days, Vikings looked toward the sky through rock crystals called sunstones to give them direction.

No one had tested the theory until recently.

A team sailed the Arctic Ocean aboard the Swedish icebreaker Oden and found that sunstones could indeed light the way in foggy and cloudy conditions.

Would have worked

Crystals such as cordierite, calcite or turmaline work like polarizing filters, changing in brightness and color as they detect the angle of sunlight. From these changes, Vikings could have accurately determined where the polarized sky light was coming from and pinpointed the direction of the sun, said biophysicist Gabor Horvath.

“Under foggy or cloudy conditions a Viking navigator could have guessed the position of the sun hidden by clouds or fog by determining the sky light polarization in two celestial points … and could have guessed the position of the invisible sun,” said Horvath, of Eotvos University in Budapest. “Although all these are pure hypotheses, researchers can test the scientific possibility of such a polarimetric navigation.”

In previous studies Horvath and colleagues demonstrated that Vikings might have required some kind of device, other than just the naked eye, to accurately guess the position of the sun on cloudy days.

Their latest findings, published in the April issue of the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society A, suggest that if Vikings were to have sunstones onboard, the Norsemen could have used them to determine where to go.

Lack of evidence

Unlike with Viking sundials, archaeologists have yet to find any remnants of sunstones.

The sunstone theory was first proposed in 1966 by the Danish archaeologist Thorkild Ramskou. Yet the only hint that Vikings used sunstones comes from a mention in a Viking legend, known as a saga.

“Although there is neither archaeological, nor historical evidence supporting this theory, it is so nice and splendid that it can easily trap the fantasy and imagination of both professional and amateur scientists,” Horvath told LiveScience.

Along with Vikings, birds and butterflies are also thought to use polarized light to orient themselves, along with other cues such as the planet’s magnetic field.